Pre_GI Gene

Host: NC_008261:2770468 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_008261:2770468 Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium perfringens; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: The species type strain, originally isolated from a human gas gangrene patient. Causative agent of gas gangrene. This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. Known opportunistic toxin-producing pathogens in animals and humans. Some species are capable of producing organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, etc,), molecular hydrogen and other useful compounds. This organism is a causative agent of a wide spectrum of necrotic enterotoxicoses. It also causes such animal diseases as lamb dysentery, ovine enterotoxemia (struck), pulpy kidney disease in lambs and other enterotoxemias in lambs and calves. It is commonly found in the environment (soil, sewage) and in the animal and human gastrointestinal tract as a member of the normal microflora. It is a fast growing (generation time 8-10 min) anaerobic flesh-eater. Active fermentative growth is accompanied by profuse generation of molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide. It is also oxygen tolerant which makes it an easy object to work with in laboratories. C. perfringens have been developed and the species became a model organism in clostridial genetic studies. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. All types produce the alpha toxin (phospholipase C). Type A strains that cause gas gangrene produce alpha toxin, theta (hemolysin), kappa (collagenase), mu (hyaluronidase), nu (DNAse) and neuraminidase which are all the enzymatic factors aiding the bacterium in invading and destruction of the host tissues. Type C strains produce alpha toxin, beta toxin and prefringolysin enteritis. In addition to alpha toxin, Type B strains produce beta toxin, types B and D produce the pore forming epsilon toxin and type E strains produce iota toxin.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27704682771430963oxidoreductase pyridine nucleotide-disulphide familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27714622772034573hypothetical proteinBLASTP
277221627741051890sulfataseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
277424227757651524putative lipoproteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
277578227771971416sensor histidine kinaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27773782778061684DNA-binding response regulatorQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2778383277845775tRNA-AsnQuickGO ontology
27785122781416290523S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2781517278159377tRNA-IleQuickGO ontology
2781599278167476tRNA-AlaQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27818352783352151816S ribosomal RNAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27838302784399570chromate transport proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27843862784937552chromate transport proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27853652786078714putative lipoproteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27860622786223162hypothetical protein
278641027878611452aminoacyl-histidine dipeptidaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2788043278811977tRNA-ArgQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2788170278824374tRNA-GlyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2788247278832175tRNA-GlyQuickGO ontology
2788345278842884tRNA-LeuQuickGO ontology
2788439278851476tRNA-LysQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2788522278859675tRNA-GlnQuickGO ontology
2788602278867776tRNA-HisQuickGO ontology
2788682278875877tRNA-ArgQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2788794278886774tRNA-GlyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2788872278894776tRNA-ProQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2788953278902977tRNA-ArgQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2789105278917874tRNA-GlyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2789183278925775tRNA-GlyQuickGO ontology
2789284278936784tRNA-LeuQuickGO ontology
2789378278945376tRNA-LysQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2789473278954876tRNA-LysQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2789555278962975tRNA-GlnQuickGO ontology
2789633278970876tRNA-HisQuickGO ontology
2789713278978977tRNA-ArgQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2789869278994274tRNA-GlyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2789947279002276tRNA-ProQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27902322790702471SerThr protein phosphatase family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27907142791328615non-canonical purine NTP pyrophosphatase rdgBHAM1 familyQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
27913302792076747ribonuclease PHQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
279228927940011713hypothetical proteinBLASTP
279427027957901521bacterial extracellular solute-binding proteins family 5QuickGO ontologyBLASTP