Pre_GI Gene

Host: NC_015425:2024154 NEIGHBOURS BLASTN Download Island sequence Download Island gene sequence(s)

NC_015425:2024154 Clostridium botulinum BKT015925 chromosome, complete genome

Host Lineage: Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Firmicutes; Bacteria

General Information: This genus comprises about 150 metabolically diverse species of anaerobes that are ubiquitous in virtually all anoxic habitats where organic compounds are present, including soils, aquatic sediments and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. This shape is attributed to the presence of endospores that develop under conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and distend single cells terminally or sub-terminally. Spores germinate under conditions favorable for vegetative growth, such as anaerobiosis and presence of organic substrates. It is believed that present day Mollicutes (Eubacteria) have evolved regressively (i.e., by genome reduction) from gram-positive clostridia-like ancestors with a low GC content in DNA. This organism produces one of the most potent and deadly neurotoxins known, a botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction and causing paralysis. In most cases the diseased person dies of asphyxiation as a result of paralysis of chest muscles involved in breathing. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in inadequately heated, prepared, or processed foods. Spores germinate under favorable conditions (anaerobiosis and substrate-rich environment) and bacteria start propagating very rapidly, producing the toxin. Botulinum toxin, and C. botulinum cells, has been found in a wide variety of foods, including canned ones. Almost any food that has a high pH (above 4.6) can support growth of the bacterium.


This island contains ribosomal proteins or RNA related elements and may indicate a False Positive Prediction!

StartEndLengthCDS descriptionQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
20241542025152999isocitrateisopropylmalate family dehydrogenaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
202516720270921926putative aconitate hydrataseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
20272642027722459hypothetical proteinBLASTP
20279582028146189hypothetical protein
202817420288426691-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
20290672029936870comE-like protein metallo beta-lactamase superfamily hydrolaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
20299412030711771prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2030816203089075tRNA-AsnQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
2034023203409876tRNA-AlaQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
20361542036600447hypothetical proteinBLASTP
20367612037615855putative undecaprenol kinaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
203771120388051095hypothetical proteinBLASTP
20389272039733807cation efflux family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
20399762040971996Catabolite control protein AQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
20411732042114942hypothetical proteinBLASTP
20423572043271915ribose ABC transporter periplasmic D-ribose-binding proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
20432932044228936ribose ABC transporter permeaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
204425420457591506ribose transport ATP-binding protein rbsAQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
20457702046165396ribose ABC transporter protein RbsDQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
20461672047066900ribokinaseQuickGO ontologyBLASTP
20472282047386159hypothetical proteinBLASTP
204759420487511158amidohydrolase family proteinQuickGO ontologyBLASTP